In the early 20th century, the American South was marked by racial segregation, economic inequality, and systemic educational disparities, especially for African American children living in rural communities. Amid these challenges, Julius Rosenwald, a successful philanthropist and president of Sears, Roebuck & Co., emerged as a visionary partner in educational reform. His collaboration with Booker T. Washington of the Tuskegee Institute resulted in one of the most impactful public-private partnerships in U.S. educational history: the Rosenwald Schools.
Between 1912 and 1937, the Rosenwald Fund helped construct more than 5,000 schools, shops, and teacher homes for African American students across 15 southern states. These institutions not only provided access to education but also served as beacons of community pride, cultural development, and resilience during a time when African Americans faced limited opportunities for advancement. Georgia alone was home to over 240 of these schools, making the state a critical part of the Rosenwald legacy.
Until recently, I had no idea that one of those historic schools—Hineshaw School—stood in my own backyard in Hinesville, Georgia. I’ve driven past the site many times over the years, unaware of its profound historical significance. It was only through a deeper dive into local history that I discovered the story of Hineshaw School, a Rosenwald School that once served as a vital educational resource for Black students in Liberty County.
The Origins of Hineshaw School
Construction of the Hineshaw School began in 1930 and was completed in 1931. The total projected cost for the project was $2,300, a considerable sum during the Great Depression. Julius Rosenwald, consistent with the fund’s matching-grant model, contributed $400. The remaining funds were raised by members of the local African American community in partnership with the Liberty County Board of Education.
This collaborative funding model was a hallmark of the Rosenwald initiative. The idea was not only to provide financial assistance but also to ensure community involvement and investment. As a result, these schools were more than just educational buildings—they became community anchors built through grassroots efforts, sweat equity, and local pride.
A Site of Education and Community
For over seven decades, the Hineshaw School site was utilized by the Liberty County Board of Education as part of its comprehensive public school system. During this time, it provided education to generations of African American children, many of whom would have had no access to quality schooling without such institutions.
The land on which the school was built was sold to the county board for $100 by the Trustees of Hinesville Colored Schools. These trustees—Alonzo Simpson, J.H. Gause, and Robert Duggan—played a pivotal role in making the school a reality. Their contribution is a testament to the local leadership and determination that defined the Rosenwald School movement.
In a similarly generous act, Rebecca Hargrove Shipman sold adjacent property to the City of Hinesville for just $1 to ensure street access to the school site. Today, her name endures through the streets that border the former campus—Rebecca Street and Shipman Avenue—providing a living reminder of her contribution to the educational advancement of the local Black community.
A Legacy at Risk
Despite its rich history, the Hineshaw School has suffered from decades of neglect and deferred maintenance. While the broader campus has continued to serve various educational purposes over the years, the original Rosenwald structure now stands in dire need of preservation. Time and the elements have taken their toll on the building, which remains one of the few physical links to a crucial chapter in African American educational history.
The school is part of the Hinesville Downtown Development Authority District and is located near another significant site—Rebecca’s Place. Both locations are intertwined, not only geographically but also historically, and both contribute to the city’s cultural fabric.
Historic Recognition and Future Prospects
Importantly, the Hineshaw School meets the criteria for listing on the National Register of Historic Places, under Criterion A for its educational and African American heritage, and Criterion C for its architectural significance. These designations are supported by the National Park Service’s Form 10-900 and associated documentation, which outline the historical importance of Rosenwald Schools throughout the United States.
Recognition by the National Register could open the door to funding opportunities, preservation grants, and broader public awareness—elements that are crucial to saving this historic landmark before it is lost to time.
Conclusion: A Rediscovery of Roots
Discovering the history of the Hineshaw School has been a deeply personal journey. As someone who grew up in Hinesville, I am struck by how easy it is to overlook the profound stories that lie hidden in our everyday surroundings. Until I began researching local history, I had no idea that this building—one I had driven past countless times—was once part of a revolutionary movement in American education.
The story of Hineshaw is not just about a school; it’s about community resilience, shared sacrifice, and a belief in the power of education to uplift generations. Preserving it is not only an act of historical justice but also a tribute to the countless students, teachers, and families who walked through its doors in pursuit of knowledge and opportunity.
Until Next Time, Knowledge Is Power
